Who Invented the Modem

At the most basic level, a modem sends and receives data between two computers. More technically, a  modem  is a network hardware  device that modulates  one or more carrier wave  signals to encode digital information for transmission. It also demodulates  signals to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal  that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used with any means of transmitting analog signals, from light-emitting diodes to radio. A common type of modem is one that turns the digital data of a computer  into modulated electrical signals for transmission over telephone lines. It is then demodulated by another modem at the receiver side to recover the digital data. Modems can also be categorized by the amount of data they can send in a given unit of time. This is usually expressed in bits per second (bps), or bytes per second  (symbol B/s). Modems can be classified by their symbol rate, measured in baud. The baud unit denotes symbols per second or the number of times per second the modem sends a new signal.   Modems Before the Internet News wire services in the 1920s used multiplex  devices that could technically be called a modem. However, the modem function was incidental to the multiplexing function. Because of this, they are not commonly included in the history of modems. Modems really grew out of the need to connect teleprinters  over ordinary phone lines instead of the more expensive leased lines that had previously been used for current loop-based teleprinters and automated telegraphs. Digital modems came about from the need to transmit data for North American air defense during the 1950s.  Mass-production of  modems in the United States began as part of the Sage air-defense system in 1958 (the year the word  modem  was first used), which connected terminals at various airbases, radar sites and command-and-control centers to the SAGE director centers scattered around the United States and Canada. SAGE modems were described by ATTs Bell Labs as conforming to their newly published Bell 101 dataset  standard. While they ran on dedicated telephone lines, the devices at each end were no different from commercial acoustically coupled Bell 101 and  110 baud modems. In 1962, the first commercial modem was manufactured  and sold as  the Bell 103 by ATT. The Bell 103 was also the first modem with  full-duplex  transmission, frequency-shift keying or FSK and had a speed of 300 bits per second or 300 bauds.   The 56K modem was invented by Dr. Brent Townshend in 1996. The Decline of 56K Modems D​ial-up Internet access is declining in the U.S.  Voiceband modems were once the most popular means of accessing the Internet in the U.S., but with the advent of new ways of accessing the Internet, the traditional 56K modem is losing popularity. The dial-up modem is still widely used by customers in rural areas where DSL, cable or fiber-optic service is not available or people are unwilling to pay what these companies charge. Modems are also used for high-speed home networking applications, especially those using existing home wiring.

Analysis Of The Poem The Starry Night Essay - 2195 Words

How I Learned to Read Literature Mary Carnahan LI 310 – Contemporary Literature September 18, 2016 Introduction I’m going to analyze one poem that I read during this course. The poem I’ve chosen is: The Starry Night. When evaluating the poem, be sure to analyze it in terms of voice, word choice and order, imagery, the figures of speech used, sound, and form. In addition analyze any symbols, allegory, allusion, myth, and themes that arise in the poem. I’m going to analyze one short story that I read during this course. The short story I’ve chosen is: The Story of an Hour. When evaluating the short story or play, analyze it in terms of plot, character, and theme. Be sure to include: †¢An outline of the plot †¢All of the round characters and an explanation of what makes them round †¢All of the flat characters and an explanation of what makes them flat †¢Any symbols, allegories, or myths included within the story †¢An explanation of the story’s overarching theme What is Writing Process? When someone thinks of the process of writing stories, poems, essay, etc.†¦ You tend to get nervous in how to start. The writing process is an approach to writing that entails the recursive phases of pre-writing, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing. Active Reading â€Å"Reading is an activity integral to the writing process. You may not associate reading with the difficult task of writing a college essay. After all, it seems like a passive activity, something you might do atShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Starry Night 853 Words   |  4 Pagespiece Starry Night, designed in the year 1889, shows this to be true in that it was the result of his experiences in an asylum that encouraged this piece. Despite this work has being so well known, many critics and observers of the piece have differing views on what he was trying to communicate through it. Two prime examples of this can be seen by the views expressed in the poems entitled, â€Å"Vincent† and â€Å"The Starry Night†, written by Don McClean and Anne Sexton, respectively. While the poem â€Å"Vincent†Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Starry Night By Anna Sexton952 Words   |  4 PagesWhat need is there to weep over parts of life? The whole of it calles for tears. - Seneca The poem, ‘Starry Night’, by Anna Sexton, which was interpretation of a personal view for Van Gogh’s artwork, â€Å"Starry Night†. The prophetical nature of Anne Sexton s spiritual poetry, Starry Night, ensues the melancholy of humanity. The poem depicts Sexton s interpretation of the immense psychological suffering of a religious human being. By addressing, Van Gogh s work caught with a deep understandingRead MoreVincent Willem Van Gogh And His Life2164 Words   |  9 Pagesemotionally expressive. The analysis of â€Å"The Starry Night† (1889, oil) reveals a subject matter that is open to various interpretations which reveal Van Gogh’s poetic, religious, and psychological influences. Van Gogh was passionate about portraying the night sky as an artist. His interest in painting observations of the nighttime is shown in letters and paintings created before Starry Night. These include ‘Starry Night over the Rhone’ and ‘Cafà © Terrace at Night’. He depicts the night stars with tremendousRead MoreShe Walks in Beauty1157 Words   |  5 Pagesshades that created such an attractive woman, he wrote a poem about her in 1814 (Gamber). In Lord Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty,† motifs, personification and imagery express the theme that the combining of light and dark reflect a perfect inner and outer beauty. Lord Byron connects two pairs of motifs in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† to establish the theme. One motif is dark and light while the other is inner and outer beauty. Throughout the poem he combines the negative and positive things of a woman andRead MoreByron3840 Words   |  16 PagesShe Walks In Beauty By: Lord Byron (George Gordon) She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes; Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaired the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress, Or softly lightens o’er her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express, How pure, how dear their dwelling-placeRead MoreEssay on analysis of She Walks in Beauty1043 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lord George Gordon Byron was most notorious for his love affairs within his family and with Mediterranean boys. Since he had problems such as incest and homosexuality, he did not mind writing about his love for his cousin in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty†. Byron wrote the poem after he left his wife and England forever. Byron made his own trend of personality, the idea of the ‘Byronic Hero’. â€Å"Byron’s influence on European poetry, musicRead MoreShe Walks in Beauty1808 Words   |  8 PagesShe Walks in Beauty, The Analysis She Walks in Beauty is a poem in which the author speaks of the physical beauty of a woman; a female who the author encountered. This encounter lead him to visualize a great distinct physical image of her so he began to speak of this phenomenal attractiveness. A special quality in her was being able to be identified with the heaven. Beautiful like the stars and clearly visible as a cloudless night. The poem She W alks in Beauty came by as an inspiration to theRead More Analysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron She Walks in Beauty is a poem in which the author speaks of the physical beauty of a woman; a female who the author encountered. This encounter lead him to visualize a great distinct physical image of her so he began to speak of this phenomenal attractiveness. A special quality in her was being able to be identified with the heaven. Beautiful like the stars and clearly visible as a cloudless night. The poem ?She Walks in Beauty? came by asRead MoreStarry Night a Paint by Vincent Van Gogh Essay1823 Words   |  8 PagesAn analysis on Starry Night (1889) of Vincent van Gogh Introduction The life span of 37 years saw Vincent Willem van Gogh (Vincent) in creating beautiful works he dearly loved. Painting was an avenue, which allowed him to express his inner thoughts or vent his struggles. My decision to research on Vincent’s painting, Starry Night (1889) came with the inspiration from Don Mclean’s Song, Starry Starry Night where his lyrics spoke about Vincent’s life that further intrigued me in writing thisRead MoreLord Byron And William Shakespeare966 Words   |  4 Pages Poetry allows writers to express themselves through the act of writing with the usage of a few words. However, it is sometimes difficult for a reader to comprehend what the poem is trying to imply, but that is the beauty behind poetry which as a reader, one might have a different interpretations from another. In an analysis of â€Å"She walks in beauty† by Lord Byron and â€Å"Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare, they both have a unique distinction on how the word s are used to project affections to their respective

Show through the movement of verse Brutus’ thought process at 2.1 lines 10-34 Free Essays

This is a soliloquy, designed to reveal Brutus’ thinking and feelings, and also to give the audience a chance to judge his motives. By delaying the action of the play, it increases suspense as the audience enter the mind of a killer and his plotting. Throughout his speech, rhythm, rhyme, repetition and imagery are used to reveal Brutus’ need to justify himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Show through the movement of verse Brutus’ thought process at 2.1 lines 10-34 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The whole speech is in iambic pentameter. Iambs occur when, of two syllables, only the second is stressed. Here, â€Å"death† is most stressed, followed by â€Å"must†. Must† and â€Å"death† contain hard-hitting consonants (â€Å"t† and â€Å"d†) and the combination, along with â€Å"must†, sounds threatening, intent and violent. This rhythmic effect in the first clause sounds determined and final – so why does Brutus run on? The colon before â€Å"and, for my part† suggests that he feels he needs an explanation for this decision, one that he can justify in â€Å"general† terms (meaning for the general good of the people), if not on a â€Å"personal† level, why he is, quite definitely, going to kill Caesar. The iambic rhythm set up so far is interrupted by lines 2 and 3, with â€Å"personal† and â€Å"general† going from one stressed followed by two unstressed, creating a trickling sound, and supporting a very thoughtful tone. One can feel that Brutus is just trying to persuade himself that killing Caesar will look like the right thing to do, once he can find a story to justify it. It’s not a vicious tone of a murderer – and that makes it all the more chilling, as we feel that Caesar’s life is being weighed in this man’s hands. The repeated last syllable is situated in the same place in both lines, creating rhyme. At first, it seems that Brutus values the â€Å"personal† friendship with, and knowledge of, Caesar above the â€Å"general† – but as he continues, the echo of these two rhyming words is in conflict. The bulk of this speech is spent talking in general terms, never really directing his speech at Caesar at all except to talk of his being crowned and killing him. This explaining of Caesar’s life would create sympathy for him in the audience, and without this justification Brutus would be simply a base murderer. The poetry of line 5 is typical of Brutus. He mixes beauty with an argument for murder – and for a short time, the extraordinary truth about adders in the summer, hidden dangers becoming clear when the grass is mown and the sun is high, might make the audience believe that Caesar is like an adder. This is the longest line so far, free of pauses, reasoning and worry. But the poetry whips up Brutus’ own fears. The words â€Å"bright† and â€Å"brings† and the interruption of the iambic skip, with â€Å"bright day† and â€Å"bring forth† both being stressed, creates the effect almost of a drum-roll, erasing any doubt in Brutus’ mind that the adder, in the shape of an Imperial Caesar, is not far away. Through lines 6 – 12 Brutus is again trying to justify killing Caesar. He dehumanises Caesar firstly as an â€Å"adder† and then later as a â€Å"serpents egg† which isn’t so different from the disjoining of remorse from power that Brutus suspects Caesar to be potentially capable of. Although Brutus is trying to persuade himself that this is a political assassination for the good of Rome and the Republic, it’s easy to notice Brutus is slightly jealous that his old friend, once an equal, is now a god among men. Therefore this is an insight into the possibility that the murder was also personal. These lines are also a period where he is deciding whether or not to kill Caesar. In line 6 he says â€Å"Crown him! – that! † hitting an emotional peak after which he calms himself down speaking in a much lower, less erratic tone. The word â€Å"But† on line 12 is a major turning point in the text. This is where the whole of Brutus’s argument lies on common belief not proof. Once again to persuade himself killing Caesar is the right thing to do, he uses a weak argument that says Caesar is using people to get to the top of the political ladder and when he reaches the top will turn his back on everyone who helped him get there. The weakness of this argument is that there are no signs of him ever being evil to his friends before. Brutus describes it as a general model of the â€Å"common proof† that all men grow greedy with power, which if true would justify killing Caesar while he was in his â€Å"shell† before he could â€Å"hatch† Throughout the soliloquy Brutus appears to be contradicting himself and making remarks that he isn’t entirely confident about. To me this shows that Brutus had quite a weak personality and was probably a man under great pressure. How to cite Show through the movement of verse Brutus’ thought process at 2.1 lines 10-34, Essays

Los Angeles Politics Essay Example For Students

Los Angeles Politics Essay The site for new Belmont still hasnt been found. The School district has beenfumbling with two proposed alternatives by interim superintendent Ruben Cortinesand CEO Howard Miller respectively suggest using high-rise office suites andopen 4 new schools quickly. These alternatives have been met with mixed emotionfrom both sides of the battle. Those for the Belmont project to continue are infavor of using the former ambassador hotel in the mid-Wiltshire district,because 10 years ago the school board had chosen this site for the high schoolbut was met by Donald Trumps Legal Team. Upon reclaiming the site afterforeclosure the negotiations with such prominent figures such as Magic Johnsonwho owns many Cinemas in the area to combine his movie complex with a middleschool. The conservancy group is expected to block the demolishing of the hotelclaiming it is a historical site citing that it is the place of the KennedyAssignation and many Oscar nights. School Board Member Caprice Young wantsJoh nson and the conversancy to look at the need of the children. I personallydont think that children no matter how appealing would in long run want thedistraction of a movie theatre ruining their education. The reason many peoplehave so many differing opinions is because if we were just another state thiswouldnt be an issue but a time for action. A time to step forward and take theblame for being to focused on keeping appearances that we abused our children. Its time they started thinking about kids, Young said. The city isthe movie Mecca of the world and has a lot of land at its disposal but becauseit wants to make the place a visitor attracting place doesnt want to sacrificea hotel to fit the needs. I think this plain wrong on the part of the schoolboard. I remember reading about how the state can take over a site because itwas to be made use for a federal project such as highway which many people useto go to and from work. If we dont see the value of an education than it istrue what other states do say about us, that we are more into our looks that todo what is right. The Hollywood facade of this city has been around much to longand is due to change and no physically but mentally. A face lift of this sortwould cause a rift in our society but if there noone to stand up for the rightsof the children then those buildings that the conservancy wants to keep ashistoric landmarks would be all for not.